IAMU - Research Project FY2014 - Improving Energy Efficiency of Ships through Optimisation of Ship Operations
Contents
1. Introduction ······························································································· 3
1.1 Recall of the Project’s Overall Subject ····················································· 3
1.2 Project Aims and Objectives and Methodological Approach ························ 3
1.3 Research Activities and Distribution of Results ········································ 5
1.4 Research Results and Structure of the Report ·········································· 6
2. International Regulations for Energy Efficiency ················································· 7
2.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ······················ 7
2.2 Kyoto Protocol ····················································································· 7
2.3 The Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change ···································· 8
2.4 The Copenhagen Accord ········································································ 8
2.5 The IMO’s Environmental Regulation ····················································· 8
2.5.1 The Energy Efficiency Design Index, EEDI ······································· 9
2.5.2 The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan, SEEMP ······················ 10
2.5.3 Energy Efficiency Operation Indicator, EEOI····································· 11
3. Operational Ship Energy Efficiency Measures··················································· 12
3.1 Voyage Performance Management·························································· 12
3.1.1 Speed Optimization········································································ 12
3.1.2 Trim Optimization ········································································· 15
3.1.3 Weather Routing ··········································································· 17
3.1.4 Optimum Use of Autopilot······························································· 19
3.2 Hull and Propeller Management ···························································· 19
3.2.1 Roughness and Its Effect on Ship Resistance ····································· 19
3.2.2 Hull Management ·········································································· 21
3.2.3 Propeller Roughness Management ··················································· 21
3.3 Engine Management ············································································ 22
3.5 Ship Systems Management（Other Consumers） ···································· 29
3.6 Energy Awareness ··············································································· 29
4. Methodology ······························································································ 31
4.1 Artificial Neural Networks ···································································· 31
4.1.1 Biological Neural Networks····························································· 31
4.1.2 Neuron Model ··············································································· 32
4.1.3 Neuron Model ··············································································· 33
4.1.3.1 Single-layer feed forward networks ············································ 33
4.1.3.2 Multilayer feed-forward neural networks ···································· 33
4.1.3.3 Radial basis function neural networks ········································ 34
4.1.4 Neuron Model ··············································································· 35
4.2 Multiple Regression Analysis（MR） ····················································· 35
5. Modelling of Ship Fuel Consumption ······························································· 37
5.1 Data Gathering ··················································································· 37
5.2 Statistical Analysis Results ··································································· 38
5.3 Design of ANN Model ··········································································· 42
5.4 Performance of ANN Model ··································································· 43
5.5 Validation and Benchmarking ······························································· 44
6. Design of the Decision Support System（DSS） for improving ship energy efficiency ···· 46
7. Conclusion